Revolutionary Éamon (pronounced 'Ay-mon') De Valera was Ireland's head of state during the Irish War of Independence (1919-1921).

In exchange for an end to the war and a guarantee of independece, De Valera's negotiator and fellow revolutionary - Michael Collins - agreed to give Britain uncontested control of Northern Ireland (a region constituting 1/6 of the Irish land mass and 1/3 of the population). Britain desired ownership of the North due to its large self-identified British population. Outraged by partition, De Valera and his allies initiated a Civil War against Collins' faction (1922-1923), which De Valera eventually won.

In 1939, World War 2 broke out. De Valera - still head of state - adopted military neutrality as his central foreign policy, wishing to keep Ireland out of the conflict. Fearing defeat during the Battle of Britain vs Nazi Germany, the UK Prime Minister, Winston Churchill, reached out to De Valera with the following offer: Ireland abandons it's neutrality and supports Britain during the war. In exchange, Britain commits to immediately return Northern Ireland, re-unifying the island.

During the Nazi regime, a woman, desiring to get rid of her husband, reported him for making anti-Hitler remarks, which was a crime under Nazi law. He was arrested and subsequently sentenced for a death penalty. Following the defeat of the Nazi regime, she was charged for imforming on him as it constituted an "unlawful deprivation of another person's liberty".

Microschooling is a form of education where children learn in very small groups, usually 5 to 15 students. These schools often take place in homes or small community spaces. They use flexible teaching methods, focus on personalised learning, and do not follow the structure of traditional large schools. Parents or independent educators usually run or fund these microschools.